Conquering Summer: Giving it the Old College Try

Books and mortarboardJust back from an evening walk in the neighborhood. It’s a great night. Sunny. Slightly breezy. By Texas standards, reasonably cool. People are riding bikes, walking dogs, throwing Frisbees and playing soccer.

What a great summer!

Cicero’s Academy is having a great summer too. We are at the beginning of July, and about halfway through our summer workshop schedule. We are having fun, and if students aren’t careful, we will all learn something before we’re done.

We learned about the importance of asking “why” to add detail in the Developing the Intermediate Writer workshop. The story of Captain Why battling the evil Doctor Nottanuf (think about it) frames the central assignment of turning a paragraph’s worth of ideas into a five paragraph essay.

We learned the power of persuasion in the Essay Writing and Introduction to Persuasion workshop. We learned the essay structure and then put it to work crafting arguments about why Sherlock Holmes is a great detective and why O. Henry’s short stories parallel his life.

The summer schedule leads up to our college-bound workshops. On July 13, we begin Essay Writing for the College Bound, a workshop that focuses on the SAT/ACT and AP essay formats. The goal is to write a quality essay fast. We will drill students in writing essays in 25 minutes, or a set of essays in 2 hours in the case of the Advanced Placement exams. You might have heard that the testing services are no longer requiring these sections as part of the standard test, but don’t be fooled. The top colleges still require them.

We will follow that up on August 4 with a one-day workshop that covers the college application essay. It’s a slightly different beast and we will explain how to navigate its nuances. Students attending this workshop can submit for critique as many drafts of college application essays as they like until September 31.

College graduation ceremonies are still fresh in our recent memories and commencement speeches are still making the rounds on social media. Let’s see, what would we want to tell students heading out into life…

Developing Ideas Against the Clock

ClockYou probably know that pseudo-science/pseudo-philosophy question about the tree falling in the forest. You know, the one that wonders if it made a sound if no one was there to hear it? We wrestled with a version of that question in our recent “Essay Writing for High School and Beyond” workshop.

If an idea does not affect the world, does it have any impact at all?

In the workshop, students prepped for the SAT essay exam, the Advancement Placement essay exam (“Good news, students. In this one, you get to write three essays against the clock. Won’t that be fun?”) and the college admissions essay. It was a great bunch of students. They worked hard each day and a few times they left needing a nap. Over the course of two weeks, students received feedback on at least eight essays. One of those essays was scored directly using the SAT rubrics and process so they could get a sense of where they would rate on that college admission scale.

This workshop enjoyed high demand, so much so that we had to cap attendance and then we let one sneak in after an impassioned plea from a mom. We will schedule this workshop again in October, see the Fall Schedule for further details.

But, back to falling trees and the impact of ideas…

In the workshop, we spent a lot of time focused on ways to develop ideas, both across the essay as a whole and particularly within paragraphs. These essay exams are geared toward testing critical thinking, an ability to work with concepts, tracing them from the abstract level into the details of real-world experiences or phenomena and back again. Students are expected to see patterns and argue the meaning underlying those patterns, demonstrating that the patterns exist with examples taken from a text or simply from their own experiences or observations. Two issues are key: 1) explaining the idea, and 2) showing it at work in an example.

With 11 students each writing one to two essays a day, we were able to identify three core problems in idea development:

Floating upwards – Ideas remain abstractions, never touching ground in the real world with concrete examples. A thought might receive some critical treatment, but only in the abstract, one concept contrasted with another on face value.  Examples – or their shadows – might be mentioned along the way, but it is a “touch and go” approach, not a safe landing at a destination.

Floating down – Ideas are asserted without definition and the writer moves quickly from the abstract to a list of examples that are not developed. The writer presumes that the relevant point of each example is obvious and the reader is left to sort them out minus any details. Having exhausted his or her examples in the list, the writer has nowhere to go for the rest of the essay.

Floating sideways – Ideas come fast and furious in a stream of consciousness that does not stop to develop any one idea. The writer is no doubt intelligent and comfortable in the world of ideas. But, the reader is left to swim with the current in hopes of finding a concrete handhold somewhere downstream.

We addressed these deficits in idea development in a variety of ways. We gave them a model to follow as a template. Students were given back their essays with a paragraph identified for re-writing with that model. We also discussed strategies for developing examples and using them strategically.

We not only critiqued their writing, we focused on strategies for getting the building blocks of an essay onto the paper and then developing ideas. We find that students do not put enough effort into the pre-write phase of writing, that time when you are just brainstorming and looking for patterns in thoughts and examples. Mastering the pre-write phase is an integral part of success in timed writings, perhaps ironically so since you do not have much time to organize your thoughts. The faster you can get your ideas out of your head and organize them, the sooner you can assemble them into an essay. To just sit down and start writing against the clock is a recipe for a wandering diatribe that never develops an idea to its fullest. However, you have to embrace the pre-write as part of the writing discipline before you can do it quickly.

This hard-working group of students left bleary-eyed some days.  However, they also got comfortable enough to help each other build ideas or flesh out personal experiences for a college admissions essay.

We hope to see them all again.

The Writing is in the STAAR

STAAR-logo

“Failing STAAR: Tests a struggle” – Austin American Statesman July 6, 2013

“STAAR Results: Students still struggle on writing tests” – Austin American Statesman June 11, 2013

The headlines keep coming, but the story remains the same.  Across the state of Texas, almost half the students are not passing the writing test in the latest round of standardized exams. Only 54 percent of students passed the English 1 test geared toward high school freshmen this past spring. To say it differently, 152,000 students failed it. It’s the test “that students struggle with the most” according to the Statesman. In fact, only 14 percent of those retaking the writing portion passed – and some of them were taking it for the fourth time!

The state legislature cut the number of required tests for graduation from 15 to 5 in the latest session and I am going to sidestep the whole issue of whether we are testing enough or too much. The issue here is whether our students can write and the evidence is not optimistic. “However, statewide, the biggest challenge seems to be in writing, and English I and English II are still graduation requirements,” said Bill Caritj, chief performance officer at Austin Independent School District in the July 6 story.

This makes our heads explode at Cicero’s Academy™.

You know the popular criticism of the education system? That they only teach what’s on the test? Apparently, writing is the proverbial exception that proves the rule. The June 11 newspaper story quotes interested parties, consultants and other experts who claim that writing is tested but never taught in anything other than “drive-by writing instruction,” according to the head of the Texas Council of Teachers of English Language Arts.

In fairness, these results on writing proficiency are not unique to the great state of Texas. Florida caused an uproar last year when it raised the writing standard for grammar and syntax on its mandated test. Similar stories have played out elsewhere. The 2011 nation’s report card on writing showed that 54 percent of 12th grade students have only a partial mastery of what’s expected of them at that grade level. We see the results of this situation in the college classroom. At Cicero’s Academy, we have trained middle schoolers to write better than some college undergraduates. John sees these students in his college classroom and there is only so much that can be done in a semester at that level. The problem, though, includes graduate students who simply cannot pass their classes without writing coherent arguments that do more than just regurgitate the material covered in class. Writing and critical thinking go hand in hand.

This is not news to the future employers of our young people. The 2004 National Writing Assessment found that American businesses in just the finance and real estate industries were spending more than $3 billion a year on remedial writing instruction. They are not spending that money because they worry that the semi-colon is under-appreciated. It is money that – while not wasted – is going to build skills in the workforce that should come with a diploma. They are taking money that could go toward hiring more people or innovating new products and services to correct a problem that should not exist.

The flip side of this is worth considering, too. If half the workforce is composed of poor communicators, the other half stands out. Good communication skills are considered signs that employees should be considered for advancement. Hot young fast trackers are expected to present to executive staff and argue the value of their ideas or they will no longer be on the fast track.

Our high-tech, connected world is not obsoleting good communication skills. Google is the very definition of a 21st century company that is all about digital technology. Its name is a mathematical construct for goodness sake! It once ran an engineering recruitment campaign in Silicon Valley that involved billboards with nothing more than a mathematical equation on them. If you knew the answer to the equation, you found them and they knew they wanted you. So, what makes someone successful at Google? The company launched a human resources project called “Oxygen” to find out.

If you guessed math and science or technical engineering skills, you might be surprised. The answer was…communication skills as they applied in different ways. Technical field-related knowledge ranked dead last. Building on that project, Google now has a large database of information they use to evaluate people including how they communicate in everyday e-mail and verbal interactions.

This is why Cicero’s Academy exists. STEM education will take care of itself. But, we are failing the future when it comes to teaching our students how to communicate, argue their positions and motivate others to action. What’s worse, we are deluding ourselves that it is somehow less important than other hard skills or that effective communication is all a matter of opinion.

By no means do we claim that teaching kids to write well or speak well is easy. It requires love, patience, a sense of fun and wonder about the power of words along with a systematic approach that can teach a repeatable skill. It requires that the student be engaged enough to keep writing and that the teacher can give feedback that is specific, encouraging and practical.

So, we hope to see you in the coming weeks at our intermediate writing, public speaking and SAT workshops. We will work with you on tutoring schedules if those times do not meet your needs. We will give you a quick evaluation of your student’s work through the Essay Doctor service if that’s all you need.

We will keep plugging away. It’s the only way to keep our heads from exploding.

…And Communication

Pink Gerbera DaisiesThe word “and” appears to be fading from the English language, like Michael J. Fox faded from the picture of the McFly family in “Back to the Future.”

SPOILER ALERT!

It took a heroic moment from daddy McFly to bring Michael J. back into the picture and we might need a similar effort to rejuvenate our ability to conceive of two things on an equal footing at the same time.

See what I did there? You probably read right past it. The word “and” connects two segments of the above sentence. Both segments are necessary to understand my point. Even though one of them has to come first, the second segment is just as important.

I got on this hunt for the “and” after reading a piece by business guru Geoffrey Moore about the slavish and exclusive (Look, there it is again!) devotion we have to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) education. To be clear, he was not advocating against STEM education and neither am I. Moore and I agree that STEM education is a vital part of our nation’s future. Bring on the robotics competitions and the baking soda volcanoes.

The troubling thing, though, is that “and” is missing from this equation.

Moore used the writerly strategy of a flower metaphor to illustrate his point. The stem is a vital part of the plant. Without the stem, the plant is not a flower as we understand what it means for something to be a rose or a daffodil or a carnation. The stem is only one vital part of our understanding of flowers. The stem supports a complex of petals, pistils and stamens that work with the stem to create what we define to be a flower. To intellectually reduce the flower to any one of those structures is to destroy what we all mean by the word “flower.” To act on that reduction in the physical world is to rip up a flower.

Try giving Mom a handful of stems – no pistils, petals or stamens – on Mother’s Day and this richer understanding of flowers will become abundantly clear.

So by all means, let’s teach these budding inventors and designers to invent and design – AND – how to sell their ideas to investors – AND – how to inspire others to follow them in their passions. STEM without communication skills is a flower…without the power.